Manufacturing industry is the largest industry that absorbs migrant workers' employment, and it is also the main position to stabilize employment. In the course of this response to the epidemic, the manufacturing sector is also shouldering the heavy responsibility of producing epidemic prevention materials and stabilizing the economy and employment. In the national epidemic prevention and control war has achieved positive results, the first resumption of production of manufacturing industry is crucial. Migrant workers of China labor society development of the national 100 project group representative of the manufacturing industry has investigated migrant workers returned to the city to return to work, companies, including foxconn, briefly science and technology, Beijing automotive group, brilliance BMW, railway equipment, the construction of China, Beijing carved, three trees, David floor, fenjiu group, binary celebrities, huajian, cooperates pharmaceutical, centralizer pharmaceutical, no medicine, dongyang citic annatto furniture, beautiful furniture manufacturing enterprises have influence at home and abroad, covering most of the industry, involving about one million migrant workers.

The rate of state-owned enterprises returning to work and production is high

Private enterprises are highly motivated to resume work

The survey shows that state-owned enterprises in the manufacturing sector have basically resumed production and the rate of resumption of work is also on the rise. State-owned enterprises and central enterprises are playing a leading role in epidemic prevention and control, and work and production resumption at the same time, so as to minimize the adverse impact of the epidemic and ensure the stable operation of production and operation.

Private enterprises account for about four-fifths of the surveyed enterprises. Although they are also stepping up efforts to resume work and production, compared with state-owned enterprises, private enterprises are more difficult to resume work, but they have high initiative and strong enthusiasm. At present, different regions still have strong restrictions on epidemic prevention and control after migrant workers return to cities, and most employees of private enterprises have not been able to resume work normally, resulting in a low rate of resumption of production and multiple work in private enterprises.

The survey showed that the key to the resumption of private manufacturing enterprises is the front-line operators. From the perspective of the scale of enterprise employees before the Spring Festival in 2020, there are about 1 million employees in the sample enterprises, with the majority of front-line operators in private enterprises. According to the survey on the staff structure of enterprises, the front-line operators of most enterprises account for more than 50%, and the managerial personnel and professional technicians account for less than 20%. The front-line operators have become the main force for the resumption of work in the manufacturing enterprises. The resumption rate of front-line operators directly determines the resumption of production in manufacturing enterprises.

The rate of resumption of production is nearly 70%

Staff reinstatement rate to be improved

Manufacturing enterprises have a high degree of organization and good supporting facilities for production and living, which are in line with the requirements of epidemic prevention and control. While many industries are still hesitating and waiting, manufacturing enterprises are generally the first to resume work and production, giving full play to their pioneering role. The survey shows that manufacturing enterprises have accelerated the resumption of production, but the rate of employees returning to work has not increased synchronously, which is in an "asymmetric" trend.

The recovery rate of manufacturing enterprises is close to 70%. By February 17, more than 60 of the 100 sample enterprises had resumed production. A number of local governments have actively encouraged enterprises to resume work and production, and let qualified enterprises above designated size take the lead in resuming work and production.

The rate of employees returning to work is not proportional to the rate of enterprises returning to production. According to the actual on-the-job situation of employees in the sample enterprises, only 4 enterprises in the resumption of production have their employees returning to their posts at a rate of more than 90%. Only 25% of the enterprises with a reemployment rate of more than 50%; 75% of the enterprises return to work rate is less than 50%, among which, enterprises have resumed production but few employees return to work account for 31.7%. Manufacturing enterprises return to work rate is far lower than the return to production rate, there is a problem of resumption of production difficult to return to work.

From the inside of the enterprise all kinds of staff reemployment situation, "inverted pyramid" phenomenon more. Among them, the average reinstatement rate of managers is 29.9%, the average reinstatement rate of professional technicians is 24.3%, the average reinstatement rate of front-line operators is 19.8%, and the reinstatement rate of front-line workers is significantly lower than that of managers and professional technicians.

Mostly belongs to the labor-intensive manufacturing enterprise, a few oversize enterprise labor demand is very large, because all request to around the city personnel difference big, epidemic prevention, combined with the preparation and epidemic prevention isolation room, masks, disinfectant, such as partial dining venue disinfection, need special training arrangement, so many enterprises have to consider some partial return to work or delay the return to work, to return to work.

Although most migrant workers are exported to non-epidemic areas (or mild areas), due to the influence of thinking inertia, many epidemic prevention "iron bucket" has not been broken. Although more than 20 provinces and regions have announced the start and resumption of work, some of them still have closed villages and roads to "fight against the epidemic". The phenomenon of blocking the resumption of work can be seen everywhere. Quite a few enterprises have to delay the resumption of work due to the multiple epidemic prevention and control procedures and the "one-size-fits-all" and other reasons.

Manufacturing companies returning to work are not suited to home or telecommuting. According to the survey, among the enterprises that have returned to work, 75% of the enterprises arrange employees to work from home or telecommuting, which means that home or telecommuting is not the main form for manufacturing enterprises to resume work. For example, BMW brilliance has started to resume work and production on February 17th. From the perspective of the group, the management team is mainly based on flexible working system or telecommuting, but the staff in the vehicle factory must operate on the front line. Telecommuting cannot effectively guarantee the smooth resumption of production line.

Epidemic prevention and resumption of work and production can be carried out simultaneously

The impact of the epidemic on manufacturing enterprises to resume work is weakening, especially from the operation of enterprises that rushed to make epidemic prevention materials after the Spring Festival, it can be carried out simultaneously with the resumption of work and production.

First, although the epidemic will not change the basic trend of the transformation and upgrading of China's manufacturing industry, the short term delayed impact of the epidemic on the upstream and downstream industrial chains at both ends of supply and demand cannot be ignored. The survey showed that the production and business activities of all the sample enterprises were affected by the epidemic to varying degrees. Half of the companies said it would be difficult for all employees to return to work and demand for their products would fall, making it difficult for them to recover to the original level in the short term. About half said they were able to cope with the short-term impact of the outbreak, and could make up for it by working overtime after the outbreak. In the survey, enterprises generally said that although many regions have given a timetable for the resumption of work, the actual start of work still depends on the progress of epidemic prevention and control. In view of the epidemic situation, the actual willingness of enterprise employees to return to work is also different, and the time for migrant workers to return to work in cities will be delayed. For manufacturing enterprises, the impact of the epidemic is not only the delay in resuming work, but also the disruption of the industrial chain and supply chain. Some manufacturing enterprises closely related to the upstream and downstream of the supply chain will suffer losses that cannot be made up in a short time.

Second, from the perspective of the impact of the resumption of work on employment, as the epidemic gradually abated, the recovery rebound of enterprises with labor unions occurred. Although the epidemic has made some enterprises difficult to operate and reduced the number of employees, it has also promoted the production expansion and employment growth of manufacturing enterprises, such as epidemic prevention materials. The majority of manufacturing enterprises (non-medical) believe that the impact of the epidemic will mainly affect their production and business activities in the first quarter, expecting a relatively resilient economic growth after the epidemic is over. From the point of view of medium-term development, in the next three months, most enterprises will meet production standards, and the demand for labor will also increase. In the survey, 48 percent of companies said they still planned to hire at the end of February, and nearly 70 percent said they would continue to fill positions after attrition. In the next 1-3 months, the labor demand of manufacturing enterprises will rebound by more than 70%, and the employment situation in the manufacturing industry will be basically stable as employees gradually return to their posts. From the current situation, due to the shortage of medical supplies for epidemic prevention, manufacturers of medical and epidemic prevention products have resumed work after the Spring Festival. At present, the orders of epidemic prevention materials companies are more than those of other industries. In the next 1-3 months, the employment demand of medical-related products companies will keep rising and the employment will increase significantly.

Third, the epidemic has a great impact on small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises in the short term. During the period of delaying the resumption of work and the quarantined return of non-local employees to cities, enterprises need to pay the rent of quarantined houses and loan interest on a fixed basis. At the same time, the capital chain of these small and medium-sized private enterprises is generally in a tight state.

Fourth, manufacturing enterprises have to face not only the original difficulties in recruiting and finding jobs, but also the new "dilemma" of recruiting and returning to work. Many manufacturing enterprises with low skill requirements choose to delay the resumption of work or even close down due to backlog of orders or disruption of capital and industrial chains. However, some intelligent manufacturing enterprises with higher skill requirements or large manufacturing enterprises with more stringent professional requirements will survive the difficulties. In the long run, the difficulty in recruitment, employment and the new "dilemma" will aggravate the employment structural contradictions in the manufacturing labor market. If the pertinence and extensiveness of skills training cannot keep up, this contradiction will have long-term effects. According to the survey, enterprises in the Yangtze river delta, the pearl river delta and the beijing-tianjin-hebei region have resumed work and production, and migrant workers are looking forward to returning to their posts as soon as possible. The survey also showed that most businesses expressed strong feelings about restricting the rational flow of migrant workers, and hoped that governments in the places where the workers were sent and those in the places where they were sent would agree to organize migrant workers to return to their jobs. In areas where migrant workers are relatively concentrated, it is urgent to organize migrant workers to return to their posts and return to work by means of "point-to-point" chartered buses or special trains.

Suggestions for the orderly resumption of work by manufacturing enterprises

First, implement the digital green health certificates for migrant workers in the exporting areas. For a lot of the early stage of the epidemic prevention "rein" measures of local government to the preliminary results were obtained in the current epidemic continues execution, need to return to work of labor can't walk out, due to the manufacturing enterprise of leading to return to work the problem of the shortage, need to output "health card" for the passport, digital management, establish healthy mutual recognition work, help home did not happen during the Chinese New Year "new champions" symptoms of the labor force in order to return to work. For example, since the launch of the "health code" in hangzhou, zhejiang province, the number of daily visits has exceeded 10 million, and the "health code" has been distributed to more than 8.2 million people. This model has been extended to 11 prefectures and cities in zhejiang province, and other parts of the country can also learn from it.

Second, take migrant workers back to the city customized transport services. In order to create safe and convenient conditions for migrant workers to return to work, the basic requirements of enterprises with employment demand can be satisfied. For example, Beijing jingdiao group has organized its employees to drive their own cars together and realized the point-to-point return of more than 200 migrant workers and technicians to the city. Zhejiang dongyang zhongxin mahogany furniture group to ensure the full resumption of production for the province to return to the city staff customized "special car" to resume work; Beijing bus group provides customized bus commuting service for enterprises and institutions returning to work.

Third, we should simplify the procedures for resuming work, abolish unreasonable examination and approval, establish a commitment system for the record, and change our thinking from regulation to service. For example, foshan city, guangdong province, has abolished the use of epidemic prevention and control to restrict the approval and filing of enterprises to resume work and production. Enterprises do not need to sign a letter of commitment to resume work and production, and they are not required to ask employees to provide multiple certificates. Affected by the out-of-sync policies in different regions, the upstream and downstream of the supply chain will not be able to synchronize the resumption of work, resulting in production disruption. In particular, even if the resumption of work meets the standards, it will be difficult for employees to return to work on time. Some companies said they would work together with their employees to overcome the difficulties caused by rising production and operation costs.

Fourth, in order to support enterprises to resume work and production, we should follow the principle of "government guidance, enterprises' own decision and departments' service" and encourage local governments to create favorable conditions for employees to travel, so as to alleviate the problem of labor shortage. The government and enterprises should work together to solve the shortage of masks and other protective materials, as well as the shortage of rooms for isolation, so as to ensure epidemic prevention and the resumption of work. According to the survey, more than 50 percent of enterprises are well prepared for the resumption of work, including thermometers, disinfectants, alcohol and sprayers.

Fifth, we will promptly implement the preferential policies adopted by the central and local governments to support enterprises, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, so as to keep them grounded and keep them steaming hot. We will encourage enterprises in key industries to resume work and production as soon as possible, give priority to industries with long industrial chains and strong driving capacity, such as automobiles and electronics, and focus on strategic emerging industries such as 5G and industrial robots, so as to support the transformation and upgrading of livelihood industries. At present, governments at all levels have issued a number of preferential policies to support enterprises to resume work and production. In particular, we will encourage manufacturing enterprises to resume work first, implement the policies first, and benefit first. We will take the lead in restoring production capacity, reducing costs, reducing losses, and increasing profits. Through the national periodic reduction and exemption of enterprise pension, unemployment and work-related injury insurance premiums, and deferment of medical insurance and housing provident funds, the labor cost of returning workers can be reduced by about 25%, which can effectively support enterprises to resume work and production, and help small, medium and micro enterprises to tide over the difficulties. The survey found that the central and local government introduced fiscal, tax, social security, financial and other preferential policies, the implementation of enterprises there is a period of time. Some enterprises said that the current policies are "the same", and the targeted, operable, simple and transparent policies to support small and medium-sized enterprises need to be further clarified and refined.

Sixth, in view of the fact that many local governments and enterprises have "expanded recruitment" to attract migrant workers to return to work, it seems that the difficulty in recruiting migrant workers has initially appeared, and skilled workers are in short supply. Therefore, enterprises should be encouraged to strengthen their humanistic care for migrant workers and improve their skills. In particular, the "manufacturing capitals" in coastal areas should take the improvement of migrant workers' skills as an important weight to attract migrant workers, encourage them to work more and get more, and encourage more skilled workers to become skilled workers or even technicians, so as to fundamentally alleviate the problem of "difficulty in recruiting workers and shortage of skilled workers" and make up for the shortage of skilled workers in the long run. "Trough" is often more able to tap the enterprise's own potential. Manufacturing enterprises need to have both with the help of the government by the "visible hand" strong support through the hard times, also, learn to turn the crisis into an opportunity for full use of market this "invisible hand" realize the transformation of development, from human resources into human capital, to fight after the outbreak of peasant workers' skills and enhance enterprise competitiveness.